Isisekelo,
Ibhekisela ilungu elithwala imithwalo elingaphansi kwesakhiwo elithintana nesisekelo, lithintana ngqo nesisekelo sokunwetshwa okuphansi kwesakhiwo esisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa imithwalo.Umsebenzi wawo ukudlulisa umthwalo kusukela engxenyeni engenhla yesakhiwo ukuya esisekelweni.Ngakho isisekelo kufanele siqine, sizinze futhi sithembeke.Ilungu lesakhiwo elingaphansi kwezinga eliphansi lisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa imithwalo yesakhiwo esikhulu ezisekelweni.
Okwesibili, eyakhelwe ngaphakathi
I-Civil noma uvamise ukuyenza ngesikhathi sesisekelo, ukuze kamuva ufake isakhiwo sokufakwa noma idivayisi isilungele, ngokwesisekelo sangaphambili lapho wenza ingxenye eyisisekelo yesisekelo semishini, noma ibhawudi lehange, noma esakhiweni sensimbi esisiza kuqala lesi sisekelo ngemva kokufika ekupheleni, kalula ngeke ke imishini fixed ebhodini elishumekiwe noma izingxenye ezishunyekiwe, okuyizinto ezivame kakhulu engineering.
Ezintathu, izinsika
Esakhiweni sobunjiniyela, ikakhulukazi ingcindezi yebhere, ngezinye izikhathi futhi ithwala isikhathi sokugoba intonga eqondile, esetshenziselwa ukusekela imishayo, ama-trusses, phansi, njll. Amafomu esigaba ahlukaniswa njengekholomu eyisikwele, ikholomu, ikholomu yepayipi, ikholomu engunxande, ikholomu emise okwe-I, H. -ikholomu emise okwe-T, ikholomu emise okwe-L, ikholomu eyisiphambano, ikholomu ekabili, ikholomu yelethisi;Ikholomu iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesakhiwo, ukubhujiswa kwekholomu kuzoholela ekulimaleni nasekuweni kwesakhiwo sonke.
Ikholomu ezimele isakhiwa, izinsika zokunciphisa umthwalo wesakhiwo esingenhla okwandisa ukuzinza kwezinsika zesakhiwo sodonga lwesakhiwo, ikholomu yomoya we-gable, njengoba igama lisho, umphumela womoya oyinhloko, kodwa futhi unomphumela we-anti vibration futhi uqinise ukuzinza, nge-gable do udonga lwe-monolithic luphakeme kakhulu, ukuqinisa ukuzinza kanye nomthwalo womoya / wokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuze ugweme ukungazinzi kwama-gables.Ikholomu yohlaka kanye nekholomu ezimele kuyikholomu yesakhiwo ethwele umthwalo, ikholomu yohlaka isetshenziselwa isakhiwo sohlaka noma ikholomu yesakhiwo esithwala umthwalo oyingxenye yohlaka, ngokusebenzisa i-beam yohlaka kanye ne-beam eqhubekayo exhunywe ndawonye.
Okwesine, ukwesekwa kwekholomu
1. Indima yokusekelwa kwekholomu: ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza okuphelele nokuqina kwe-longitudinal yohlaka lwamathambo esitshalo;Njengosekelo olusemaceleni lwekholomu lokunquma ubude obaliwe bekholomu ngaphandle kwendiza yozimele;Thatha umthwalo ovundlile obukhali osuka embonini, ikakhulukazi umthwalo womoya
Umgomo wokuklama: umgomo wokusekelwa okuguquguqukayo ukuthi insimbi eyindilinga kufanele iqiniswe (izinga lokuqina kwensimbi eyindilinga lingaphansi kokuqina okuthile ngaphandle kwendiza), ukuze ikwazi ukudlulisa ngempela amandla avundlile amalongi, yebo. , uma kungagxiliwe, lokhu kuzothinta ukuqina okuphelele nokuzinza kwesakhiwo;Ngokuqondene nezisekelo eziningana kuyunithi yesakhiwo, enqunywa amandla avundlile e-longitudinal, ububanzi bebha yensimbi kanye nesimiso sesakhiwo;Ubukhulu bensimbi eyindilinga bunqunywa umthwalo othwalwa ukusekelwa.Kuyacaca ukuthi ukucaciswa akunamkhawulo kwisilinganiso sobuncane bensimbi eyindilinga eqinile (asikho isidingo sokuhlola isilinganiso sobuncane, inqobo nje uma umthamo we-tensile uhlangabezana nezidingo)
Eyesihlanu, shaya
Esekelwa ukwesekwa, amandla angaphandle ngokuyinhloko angamandla aseceleni namandla okugunda, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko yokuguquguquka ibizwa ngokuthi i-beam.
1. Ngokomsebenzi, kukhona imishayo yesakhiwo, efana nesisekelo nesigxobo sohlaka (uhlaka lohlaka (KL) lubhekisela epulangweni elixhunywe nekholomu yohlaka (KZ) kuzo zombili iziphetho, noma induku exhunywe ngodonga lokugunda. kuzo zombili iziphetho kodwa ngesilinganiso sobude be-span esingekho ngaphansi kuka-5m).Futhi ezinye izingxenye ezimile njengamakholomu nezindonga ezithwala imithwalo ndawonye zakha uhlelo lwesakhiwo sendawo;Kukhona imishayo yesakhiwo, njengemishayo yendandatho, imishayo ye-lintel, imishayo yokuxhuma njalonjalo, ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuzinza kanye neminye imiphumela yesakhiwo.I-linking beam iwukuxhumanisa phakathi kwamalungu esakhiwo, indima ukukhulisa ubuqotho besakhiwo.I-beam yokuxhuma isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukuxhuma uhlaka olulodwa ukuze kwandiswe ukuqina okuphambene noma ubude besakhiwo.I-beam yokuxhuma ngeke ithwale eminye imithwalo ngaphandle komthwalo wayo wamandla adonsela phansi kanye nomthwalo wokuhlukanisa engxenyeni engenhla.
2, ugongolo ngokwefomu lesigaba, lungahlukaniswa lube: ugongolo lwesigaba esingunxande, ugongolo lwesigaba T, ugongolo lwesigaba esiphambanayo, ugongolo lwesigaba esimise okwe-I, ugongolo lwesigaba U, ugongolo lwesigaba esingajwayelekile.
3, ugongolo ngokuhambisana nezingxenye zayo ezihlukene zendlu, zingahlukaniswa zibe: ugongolo ophahleni, ugongolo lwaphansi, ugongolo olungaphansi komhlaba, ugongolo lwesisekelo.(I-Roof beam isho ilungu eliyinhloko lesakhiwo esakhiweni sophahla elithwala ingcindezi evela kuma-purlins namaphaneli ophahla.)
Isithupha, i-purlin
I-purlin eyinhloko inamathele ophahleni kanye nemishayo yekholomu yesakhiwo sodonga lwangaphandle, futhi i-purlin yesibili isetshenziselwa ukunamathisela uphahla kanye namapaneli odonga lwangaphandle esakhiweni sesisekelo.Insimbi yohlobo lwe-C/Z ivame ukusetshenziswa ezakhiweni zesimanje zesakhiwo sensimbi.Ama-purlins ohlobo lwe-Z asetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-purlins, anezingxenye ezingcono zangaphakathi ezisekela isakhiwo sensimbi.I-purlins eyinhloko ixhunywe ophahleni kanye nemishayo yekholomu yesakhiwo sodonga lwangaphandle, futhi ama-purlins esibili asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ophahleni namapaneli odonga angaphandle esakhiweni sesisekelo.
Isikhombisa, purlin
Ekupheleni kwe-purlin esekelwe nje noma ithanga le-purlin eqhubekayo, abakaki be-purlin bangavimbela ngempumelelo i-purlin ukuthi ingatsheki noma isonteke ekusekelweni.Abakaki be-Purlin ngokuvamile benziwa nge-Engle noma izingcezu zepuleti ezinamapuleti aqondile acishe abe ngu-3/4 wobude futhi abhawudilwe kuma-purlin.
Isishiyagalombili, donsa
Ukuqina kwe-purlin okuthuthukisiwe.Induku yokudonsa ngokuvamile iyinsimbi eyindilinga enobubanzi obungekho ngaphansi kuka-10mm.Umdwebo uhlobene nobude be-purlin.Uma ubude be-purlin bungu-4m~6m, kufanelekile ukusetha umdwebo phakathi kwe-purlin.Uma ububanzi bungaphezu kuka-6m, umdwebo kufanele ubekwe endaweni eyodwa kwezintathu ye-purlin.Ophahleni olungaphezulu odongeni kufanele lumiswe ekudonselweni kwekhebula kukholomu ethwala umthwalo noma ikholomu yodonga;Uma umthwalo oqondile wephaneli yodonga udluliselwa phansi noma ama-joists ngendlela enokwethenjelwa, umcu wokudonsa awudingeki.Imichilo kufanele ixhunywe nama-purlin aqinile.Amapheshana ngokuvamile atholakala ngaphakathi kwe-1/3 yobude bewebhu ye-flange engaphezulu ye-purlin.
Okuyisishiyagalolunye, ukubopha idolo
I-Brace yekhona iyisigxobo sokusekela phakathi kwe-beam nekholomu, i-beam ne-purlin, ikholomu ne-purlin ekhoneni lohlangothi.Udonga lubizwa ngokuthi i-roof corner support, uphahla lubizwa ngokuthi i-roof corner support.
Indima: [1]: Ukuze uqinisekise ukuzinza ngaphandle kwendiza kwengxenye, yehlisa ubude besibalo esingaphandle kwendiza bengxenye.Lapho amaphuzu asekelayo aseceleni edingeka ku-flange yangaphakathi yemishayo namakholomu, ama-purlin noma imishayo yodonga exhunywe ku-flange yangaphandle ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlinzekwe izisekelo zamakhona.Ukusekelwa kwekhoneni kufanele kwenziwe ngensimbi ye-Angle eyodwa futhi yakhelwe ngokuvumelana namalungu okucindezela kwe-axial.
[2]: Idizayinelwe ukuvikela ukugoqa kanye nokungazinzi kwama-frunges okucindezela (ama-flange aphansi emishayo nama-flange angaphakathi wamakholomu) kanye nokukhulisa ukuzinza kwama-compression flange.Amabakaki aklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwendawo ye-flange ephansi ye-beam ngaphansi kwengcindezi.Ukuzinza kwendawo ye-flange engenhla ye-beam kuqinisekiswa yi-purlins exhunywe kuyo (isizathu: i-flange engaphezulu ye-beam iyindawo eqinile futhi ayikho inkinga yokuqina okuphelele. Kodwa ngenxa yezinga lapho izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zokuzinza kwendawo ; Kodwa ngokuvamile, amandla asemaceleni ngenxa yokungazinzi kwendawo mancane. Ngakho-ke, ama-purlin angasetshenziswa njengelungu ukuze kugcinwe i-flange izinzile.)
Ishumi.I-Crane beam
Uthango olusetshenziselwa ukulayisha ngokukhethekile i-crane ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenzela ibizwa ngokuthi i-crane beam futhi ngokuvamile ifakwa engxenyeni engenhla yendawo yokusebenzela.
I-crane beam iwumbhede womgwaqo we-crane, futhi kukhona ithrekhi ye-crane ku-crane beam, futhi i-crane igijima iye emuva naphambili ku-crane beam ngokusebenzisa ithrekhi.Ingxenye yesiphambano se-boam yi-box-type, i-welded futhi yakhiwe;Kukhona futhi elula, enephrofayili yokubunjwa kwe-welding, ukhonkolo oqinisiwe ngokuvamile noma isakhiwo sensimbi.
Ishumi nanye:Truss
Indiza noma isakhiwo sendawo esinemigoqo eqondile, ngokuvamile enezakhi ezingunxantathu.Ngaphansi kwesenzo somthwalo, amalungu e-truss ikakhulukazi athwala i-axial tension noma ingcindezi, ukuze asebenzise ngokugcwele amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo, onge izinto ezibonakalayo, anciphise isisindo esifile futhi andise ukuqina uma kuqhathaniswa ne-solid belly beam lapho i-span inkulu.Ngakho-ke, ilungele izakhiwo ezinkulu ezithwala imithwalo kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme.
Amandla anele - akukho ukuphuka noma ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki;Iqinile ngokwanele - ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwe-elastic ngokweqile;Ukuzinza okwanele - akukho ukuwa ngenxa yezinguquko ezingazelelwe ngendlela yokulinganisa;Izici ezinhle eziguquguqukayo - ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba nomoya.Izidingo zokuklama i-truss: ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zenduku;Yiba nokuxhumana okuhle, okuhlanganisa ama-rivets, izikhonkwane namajoyinti okushisela.
Ishumi nambili: Uphahla
Uphahla ngokuvamile luhlanganisa ungqimba olungangeni manzi, ibhodi lophahla, ugongolo, amapayipi emishini, uphahla, njll.
Uphahla luyingxenye engaphezulu kakhulu yemvilophu yokwakha, kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza ezihambisanayo, ukuze isakhiwo sinikeze indawo efanelekile yendawo yangaphakathi.
Imisebenzi yophahla kanye nezidingo: uphahla luyisembozo esiphezulu sendlu, esakhiwe ngophahla kanye nesakhiwo esisekelayo.Umsebenzi wokuvala uphahla ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwemvula yemvelo, iqhwa nesihlabathi somoya kanye nomthelela wemisebe yelanga.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphinde ithathe umthwalo ovela phezulu ophahleni, okuhlanganisa umoya neqhwa, isisindo sophahla kanye nesisindo sezingxenye ezingenzeka kanye nabantu, bese uyidlulisela ezindongeni.Ngakho-ke, imfuneko yophahla iqinile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, kusukela ekukhanyeni okubalulekile, okungenakumanzi, umlilo, ukugcinwa kokushisa nokusebenza kokushisa ukushisa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidingo zezingxenye ezilula, ukwakhiwa okulula, futhi zingahlanganiswa nesakhiwo, ngokubukeka okuhle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-17-2022