Ifomu lesakhiwo lithonywe kakhulu isakhiwo sohlaka lwamapulangwe eYurophu.I-truss ivame ukwakhiwa ngensimbi enezindonga ezincane noma insimbi yesigaba esincane ukuze ithathe indawo yemishayo yodonga, ama-joists kanye nemishayo yesakhiwo sohlaka lwamapulangwe.Inhlanganisela yohlaka lwamathambo ngokuvamile ihlobene nesilinganiso sesakhiwo, indlela yokukhiqiza, izimo zokwakha kanye namandla okuthutha.Ezijwayelekile yilezi:
Uhlelo lokwakhiwa kwelungu leyunithi: Isakhiwo sihlanganiswa sibe uhlaka lwesakhiwo sensimbi elula ngamakholomu, imigoqo yodonga, imishayo, ama-joists, ama-purlins, amapulangwe kanye ne-roof truss namanye amalungu eyunithi, bese kubekwa uphahla, amapulangwe odonga nezicabha kanye namafasitela. afakiwe.Amalunga e-skeleton alungiswa ngama-bolts kanye namapuleti axhumayo.Ukuze kuqiniswe ukuzinza kwefreyimu ehlanganisiwe, izintambo zokusekela noma eziguquguqukayo ze-cross tie zengezwe ezingxenyeni ezidingekayo.Isakhiwo somhlangano wengxenye yeyunithi, umhlangano uyaguquguquka. , ukuthutha kulula, kungakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zenhlanganisela yendawo yokwakha ehlukene.Nokho, isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesayithi side kunezinye izindlela zokufaka.
Uhlelo lwesakhiwo sokuhlukanisa uhlaka: Ingxenye yohlaka ehlanganisa insimbi enezindonga ezincane ezisetshenziswa njengesakhiwo sohlaka lwamathambo esithwala umthwalo ezindongeni, phansi kanye nophahla ukuze kuhlanganiswe sonke isakhiwo. Amafasitela angafakwa efekthri ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa noma endaweni yokwakha ngemva kokuba isikelethoni sesihlanganisiwe.Lolu hlobo lwesistimu yokwakha lufana nesakhiwo esakhiwe ngamapulangwe, esidinga imininingwane embalwa kanye nezinhlobo zamafeni okuhlukanisa kanye nokuhlanganisa amanodi.Ngoba iningi womsebenzi ungenziwa efektri, ikhwalithi iphakeme futhi isivinini sokwakha siyashesha esizeni.
Embonini enokuhlanganiswa kwensimbi enezindonga ezincane ibe yibhokisi lamathambo elilingana negumbi, gcwalisa umhlobiso wangaphakathi nangaphandle futhi uqedele ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwe-insulation, ngisho nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi, okuhlanganisa amalambu, amakhethini, okhaphethi, izinsiza zenhlanzeko, ngisho nefenisha engaguquki nokunye. kufakwe efektri.Kuthuthelwa endaweni yokwakha, inqobo nje uma amabhokisi ahlukahlukene esekulungele ukuphakamisa, ukwakheka kwendawo eqhumayo kanye nokwelashwa okungangeni kwamanzi, okuxhunywe epayipini kungasetshenziswa.Ukuze kuncishiswe ivolumu kwezokuthutha, amanye amabhokisi amabhokisi enziwa abe izingxenye ezigoqekayo ezifana nebhokisi, ezithuthelwa endaweni futhi zivulwe lapho kuphakanyiswa ukuze kuhlanganiswe.Le nhlanganisela yokuhlanganiswa kufanele inake ukuzinza, kanye nokwelashwa okuhlangene okungangeni kwamanzi, okonga ukushisa.Abanye bangakwazi futhi zenziwe zibe uhlobo lwe-trailer noma uhlobo lwesitsha sezindlu eziphathwayo, kulula ukuziphatha.
Ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi ekhanyayo indawo yokuhlala ekhuphuka kancane isekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokhuni sesitayela saseNyakatho Melika.Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu yentuthuko, iye yakha uhlelo lokwakha oluvuthiwe olusebenza kahle kakhulu ngokomzimba, indawo eguquguqukayo nefomu, ukwakhiwa okulula kanye nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. ngaphezu kuka-95% wezakhiwo zomphakathi ezisezingeni eliphansi, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala, izinxanxathela zezitolo, izikole, izakhiwo zamahhovisi nokunye, zakhiwe ngokhuni noma ngesakhiwo sensimbi elula (ngisho kuhlanganise nomakhelwane bethu iJapane neNingizimu Korea). ENyakatho Melika, isakhiwo sensimbi esilula ithatha inzuzo ephelele kuyo yonke imakethe yokwakha. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokwenyuka kwamanani entengo yamapulangwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezinhlelo zesakhiwo sensimbi elula eNyakatho Melika kukhula ngezinga lokukhula ngokushesha elingaphezu kwama-30%, futhi kancane kancane kwamukelwa kabanzi imakethe.Ibuye yamukelwa kabanzi komakhelwane bethu abaseduze i-Japan (lapho yaziwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-KC) naseNingizimu Korea, kanye nase-Australia.Ekuphetheni, izizathu ze-raukuthuthukiswa kwe-pid kwesakhiwo sensimbi ekhanyayo eNyakatho Melika eminyakeni yamuva nje kungafingqwa njengobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe nobuthembekile, uhlelo lwesakhiwo oluguquguqukayo oluvumela ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezentengiselwano, umnotho wokwakha ophezulu, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obuhambisana nokuthambekela kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokusimama. ukuthuthukiswa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwemboni yensimbi yaseChina bekuhamba phambili emhlabeni, kodwa ingxenye yensimbi embonini yezokwakha iphansi kakhulu kunezinga lamazwe athuthukile, isakhiwo sensimbi esilula esisezingeni eliphansi sobuchwepheshe bokwakha izindlu zokuhlala ngokuhambisana nezimboni zezwe. isiqondiso embonini yezokwakha;Iphrojekthi ngayinye yesakhiwo sensimbi elula i-JuQimei ebambe iqhaza kuyo noma eyengamele ivuse ithonya elinamandla nokukhathazeka kwabangaphakathi embonini kanye neminyango kahulumeni efanele kuwo wonke amazinga, futhi ithole ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo nobuchwepheshe eminyangweni kahulumeni efanele. wonke amazinga.
Ubuchwepheshe besakhiwo sensimbi ekhanyayo kanye nokucushwa komkhiqizo kuvuthiwe kakhulu, izinga eliphezulu lezezimboni, iNyakatho Melika cishe iminyaka eyikhulu yobuchwepheshe bokwakha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezinto zokwakha i-crystallization.Amapuleti ensimbi anama-galvanized asetshenziswa esakhiweni anokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu nokuqina, anenkonzo. impilo yeminyaka engu-275 ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile.Ukusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba kwesakhiwo sensimbi elula kungcono kakhulu kunokhonkolo wendabuko kanye nezitini - izakhiwo zekhonkrithi.Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngenxa yesisindo esincane sesakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi elula, isisindo indawo ngayinye yeyunithi ilingana kuphela nendawo efanayo yesisindo sesakhiwo sekhonkrithi yezitini 1/4, ngakho-ke isisekelo saso silula, esifanele izimo eziningi ze-geological.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-18-2021