Isingeniso
Izakhiwo zensimbi zakhiwe ngohlaka lwamathambo oluhlanganisa amakholomu aqondile, imishayo evundlile nokunye okwenziwe ngezinto zensimbi, eziboshwe, ezishiselwe noma eziboshwe ndawonye, ngokuvamile kugridi ye-rectilinear.Izakhiwo zensimbi ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa amabhilidi aphakathi nendawo naphakeme, izimboni, indawo yokugcina impahla kanye nezindawo zokuhlala.
Izinzuzo zezakhiwo zensimbi zihlanganisa:
Ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nokulayishwa komoya.Ukwakhiwa kalula nokwakhiwa.Isikhathi esifushane sokwakha.Ukumelana nomlilo lapho welashwa.Kungasetshenziswa kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokwakha.Kulula ukujoyina.Ukunemba okuphezulu.Ukwenziwa ngaphandle kwendawo.Ama-highratios wamandla ukuya esisindweni namandla omthamo.Vumela izipani ezinde ezicacile.Amakholomu amancane.Ingakwazi zivezwe obala
Amasistimu esakhiwo sensimbi
Izakhi eziyinhloko zezakhiwo zensimbi zihlanganisa izindonga, phansi, uphahla kanye namalungu okubopha kungahlelwa ukuthi kube nohlobo oluthile lwesistimu olusiza ekusimameni kwesakhiwo kuye ngohlobo noma ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo, imvelo kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo esisetshenzisiwe. imithwalo kanye nempilo yokuklama edingekayo
Uhlaka olunodonga
Ukwakhiwa kwezindonga zamatshe kuhilela ukumiswa kwezindonga zamatshe endaweni ezungezayo nangaphakathi kwesakhiwo futhi amalungu ensimbi yesakhiwo abe eseqiniswa ezindongeni zamatshe kusetshenziswa amapuleti ensimbi aphethe kanye nesiphetho namabhawodi okuhanjelwa kuwo.Idizayini nokwakhiwa kohlaka olunodonga olunodonga luncike ekuqineni komthwalo kanye nebanga le-span phakathi kwezisekelo ezilandelanayo.
Nakuba imishayo yokujula ephansi isiza ekwandiseni ukuphakama kwe-headroom ecacile yesakhiwo futhi ibeka imfuneko yesikhala esiseduze samakholomu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikhawulela indawo ecacile yephansi.Ngakolunye uhlangothi amafreyimu e-deep beam asiza ukuhamba ibanga elide.
Uhlaka lwamathambo
Lena ikholomu-uhlelo lohlaka lwesakhiwo se-beam, lapho yonke imithwalo esemaceleni kanye ne-gravity idluliselwa kuhlaka lwensimbi bese idluliselwa phansi esisekelweni.Izindonga zenziwe njengodonga lwamakhethini olungenawo umthwalo.Uhlaka lwesikelethoni ngokuvamile luhlanganisa imishayo ye-spandrel, imishayo eyinhloko noma eyinhloko, imishayo emaphakathi noma yesibili, amakholomu odonga namakholomu angaphakathi kanye ne-slab kakhonkolo eqinisiwe.Ukuze kuxhunywe okucacile phakathi kwekholomu nemishayo kunamasu amaningi ahilelekile afana nokusetshenziswa kwabakaki bensimbi, amapuleti e-gusset nama-haunches asiza ukusabalalisa izingcindezi ezibaliwe.I-Shims isiza ekwenzeni ukulungiswa komugqa nokuphakama.Abakaki be-engeli yesheluvu basiza ekunamathiseleni ugongolo lwe-spandrel nekholomu.
Uhlaka lwesikhathi eside
I-span eside iyi-span eyedlula ama-12m.Kuyasiza ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yaphansi eguquguqukayo, izikhala zangaphakathi zamahhala zekholomu, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwendawo, kuvumela ukufakwa kwezinsizakalo eziningi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuxubile kwezikhala.Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa izakhiwo ezinkulu zezimboni, amahholo, amathiyetha, izindawo zemibukiso nokunye.
Kusetshenziswa amasu alandelayo;ama-stub girders, ama-stub girders, imishayo ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe, ama-trusses ahlanganisiwe, i-cantilever suspension span, amapuleti agoqiwe, amagridi ama-curvilinear, ama-domes amagobolondo amancane, amanethiwekhi ekhebula, ama-trusses emkhathi, amafreyimu e-portal nokunye.
Amagida
Lezi yimishayo yensimbi ejulile esiza ukuhamba amabanga amade.Ubude obunwetshiwe buncike ebangeni lensimbi yensimbi kanye nesilinganiso sokujula kwe-span.Amagida afakwa ngezindlela ezahlukene kukhona ama-stub girders anwebeka ngobude kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezixhunywe kumagida amakhulu futhi amabhande ayi-hybrid lawa amabhande asetshenziswayo aqina ukuze athwale imithwalo ephakeme ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye ezishiselwe phezulu nangaphansi. ama-flange.
Izigqoko
Ama-trusses anenzuzo yokuhamba amabanga amade ngenxa yokujula okukhulu anakho kuwenza aqine ngokumelene nokuchezuka.Izinhlobo zama-trusses ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha isikhathi eside zihlanganisa ama-Pratt trusses, ama-Warren Trusses, ama-Fink Trusses, ama-Scissors, ama-Bow String kanye nama-Vierendeel Trusses.Funda kabanzi ngombungazi, u Truss.
Lawa mafomu e-truss angasetshenziswa njengamalungu esakhiwo asekelayo ezinhlelweni zohlaka lwaphansi kanye nophahla.
Ozimele abaqinile
Izinga lokuqina ekuxhumekeni kwekholomu yegxolo kufanele kuhlaziywe ngokucophelela.Kumafreyimu aqinile ukuxhumana kuklanyelwe ukuthwala isikhathi sokugoba namandla okugunda.Aklanywe njengozimele abagcwele abaqhubekayo kubo bonke ubude nobude lapho kungekho amahinji noma izikhonkwane emiqhele namaphakathi ne-span.
Izisekelo ezinkulu eziqinile zisiza ukuthwala nokusabalalisa umzuzu nokugunda phansi.Ngezizathu zezomnotho izimo zaphansi kufanele zibhekwe njengoba zingase ziholele ezindlekweni eziphakeme zezisekelo ezimweni ezimbi zenhlabathi engaphansi.
Amakhothamo
Ama-arches angenziwa njengama-arches aqinile noma ama-web arches avulekile, ama-hinged amathathu, ama-hinged amabili noma ama-arches angashintshi.Lokhu kuncike ohlotsheni lwezinto zokwakha okufanele zisetshenziswe, amandla okuqina, i-anchorage, ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo, uhlobo lwesisekelo kanye nezimo zokulayisha.
Ama-hinged arch amathathu angasiza ukuhamba amabanga amade ngisho noma kunezimo ezingezinhle njengesimo sezulu esingesihle, izakhiwo ezithwele kanzima nokunye.Amakhothamo amabili aphiniwe awaqinile kangako uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo ezintathu ezinama-hinged arch.Amakhothamo angaguquki asetshenziswa ezakhiweni ezinemithwalo elula nezimo ezinhle zomhlabathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-28-2022